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Air-Dried: see Seasoned
ALS: American Lumber Standard. Grading standards and nomenclature for American softwood timber.
Back Sawn: Back sawn timber is a term used in Australia for the method of cutting a log so that the broad face of the board is tangential to the growth rings. Often also referred to as Flat Grain.
Band Saw: A saw consisting of a continuous piece of flexible steel, with teeth on one side or both.
Cant: A large slabbed log on the headsaw, usually having one or more rounded edges, which is destined for further processing.
Check: A lengthwise separation of wood, normally occurring across or through the rings of annual growth and is usually the result of seasoning.
Chipboard: A panel made with large chips as the raw material.
Circular Saw: A round saw having teeth on its perimeter.
Composite: A wood product produced by bonding wood fiber by heat and pressure.
Cooperage: Containers having two round heads and a body composed of staves, such as barrels or kegs.
Core: Inner plies in a piece of plywood whose grain direction runs perpendicular to that of the outer plies.
Delignification: removal of lignin from wood by chemical treatment.
Density: The mass of wood substance enclosed within the boundary surfaces of a wood-plus-voids complex having unit volume.
Edger: Sawmill machinery used to saw cants after they come off the headrig, squaring the edges and ripping the cants into timber.
Edging: Waste pieces of wood cut by an edger.
Excelsior: Long, curly, slender strands of wood used as an aggregate component for some particleboards and as a packing material.
Fiberboard: A composite panel product like particle board, hardboard, chipboard.
Fines: Fine milled chips used in the production of particleboard; larger than sander dust or wood flour.
Flake: A small flat wood particle of predetermined dimensions, uniform thickness, with fiber direction in essentially in the same plane of the flake.
Flitch: A log sawn on two or more sides form which veneer is sliced.
Flooring: A tongue and grooved piece of timber used in constructing a floor.
Forestry: The science of forest management.
Framing: Timber used for structural members in a house or other building.
Gang Mill: A machine in which several saws make parallel cuts.
Grade: The designation of the quality of a manufactured piece of wood or of logs.
Grain: The direction, size, arrangement, appearance, or quality of the fibers in wood.
Greenchain: A moving belt or chain on which timber is transported from saws to areas where workers stack the wood by certain specifications.
Heading: The pieces of timber from which a keg or barrel head is cut.
Headrig: The principle saw in a sawmill on which logs are first cut into cants.
Insulation Board: A board made from ligno-cellulostic fibers, usually wood or cane which are interfelted to create the principal source of bond.
Joist: A piece of timber or composite I-beam product that supports a ceiling or floor.
Kerf: The width of a saw cut.
Kiln: A chamber having controlled air-flow, temperature, and relative humidity for drying wood products.
Laminate: The bonding of two or more pieces of wood to make a single piece.
Lathe: A machine on which logs are peeled to yield veneer for plywood.
Lignin: The second most abundant component of wood. It is a cementing layer between the wood cells.
MBF: Thousand board feet - imperial measure for volume of WRC used in USA & Canada
MDF: Medium Density Fiberboard
Millwork: Timber that has been remanufactured into door and window parts or decorative trim.
OSB: Oriented Strand Board
Parallel-Laminated Veneer: Veneers which grains have been glued parallel to one another.
Particleboard: A term used to describe panel products made from particles of wood larger than fiber.
Peel: To produce veneer by revolving a peeler block against a knife.
Piling: Round timbers or poles driven into the ground to support a load.
Planer: A machine to surface rough timber.
Plywood : A panel made up of thin sheets of veneer which the grain direction is at right angles to each other.
Pressure Treating: A process of impregnating wood products with chemicals by forcing into the structure of wood with high pressure.
Pulp: A soft, moist mass of wood fiber used in the manufacture of paper.
Quarter Sawn: Timber sawn so that the annual rings form angles of 45 to 90 degrees with the surface of the piece.
Radial Sawn: (see Quarter Sawn)
Resaw: To saw a piece of timber along its horizontal axis.
Resin: A natural vegetable substance occurring in various plants and trees, especially the coniferous species.
Sash: The portion of a window that holds the glass.
Sash Gang: A series of blades that are fixed vertically between two horizontal members; used to rip cants.
Saw Arbor: The shaft and bearings that hold a power-driven saw.
Seasoned: Green wood, either air-dried or mechanically dried to remove moisture to improve serviceability.
Shake: A lengthwise grain separation between growth rings, or a break through the rings, usually the result of high winds.
Shear: The tendency of wood fibers to slide longitudinally.
Sheathing: Plywood, waferboard, OSB, or timber used to close up side walls.
Slab: The exterior portion of a log removed by a saw, having one flat and one curved surface.
Sliced Veneer: Veneer that is cut from a block using a knife which results in individual pieces instead of a continuous sheet .
Stumpage: The monetary value of standing timber.
Tall oil: A byproduct of the paper-making process. Distilling tall oil produces many products like adhesives, carbon paper, inks, lubricants, and gasoline additives.
Veneer: Wood peeled, sawn, or sliced into sheets of a given constant thickness and combined with glue to produce plywood.
Waferboard: A panel product of wafers of wood bound together by resin, heat, and pressure; can be made of species not suitable for timber or plyboard production.
Wane: Bark, or the lack of wood from any cause, on the edge or corner of a piece of timber.
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